Transactional Analysis
Journal
July 2004 Abstract
Update on the Functional Fluency Model in
Education
Susannah Temple
The updated functional fluency model
is presented with an outline of its research-based development. The ways in
which the model links with, and is different from, other ego state models are
explained. The educational relevance of the functional fluency concepts is
emphasized. Ways of using the model for the personal and professional
development of educators are indicated.
Script Interventions in the School
Setting
Ferdinando Montuschi
This article discusses whether it
is acceptable in educational settings to intervene at the level of script and
within what boundaries the teacher may act at this level without overstepping
his or her professional contract. After defining the space and limits of such
interventions—and proposing the dynamic concept of “expanding
script”—intervention criteria are suggested and some exercises for
use in school settings are described.
Dealing with Fear of Failure: Working with Script
Concepts in the Classroom
Miriam Toth
One of the important
tasks performed by teachers, especially with younger students, is to focus on
pupils’ behavior and, if necessary, to correct it. Transactional analysis
script theories help teachers to understand why children act as they do and to
offer options for responding more specifically to what children need so as to
support them in changing their self-limiting behavior. This article presents a
common school situation—fear of failure—and ways to prevent fixation
of negative patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. It also describes how to
practice new behavior, thinking, and feeling in the group, which helps students
to increase their ability to learn as well as their chances for having good
relationships with others.
Fairy Tales and Psychological Life Plans
AgnPs Le
Guernic
This article is based on the premise that the field of
education in general and educational transactional analysis in particular are
geared toward prevention rather than cure. The author describes how fairy tales
provide children with different relationship models, and it proposes a positive
triangle of social roles in contrast to Karpman’s (1968) drama triangle,
which is based on life scripts and focuses on negative psychological roles.
Depending on whether they are supported by a positive life position or not,
social roles can lead to either personal growth and autonomy or negative
scripty outcomes.
Learning for Leadership
Sari van
Poelje
Leadership is learned in large part through on-the-job
experience. Building on the work of Lindsey, Homes, and McCall (1987), this
article describes seven key learning experiences for managers: personal trauma,
mission impossible, setback, role models, conflicting norms and values, dealing
with subordinates, dealing with the political arena, and personal experiences.
It suggests that, although not all successful managers must be top learners,
top learners are successful managers. The learning process they go through is
described in terms of five steps. A learning process mode and a method for
management development based on identification of top learners and coaching for
learning are proposed.
Conflict Resolution Using Transactional Analysis and
Aikido
Philippe Martin
Centering yourself, connecting with the
aggressor, channeling the attack so that neither you nor your aggressor gets
hurt, and safely concluding the interaction constitute four essential steps to
reaching a peaceful conflict resolution—even in the face of conflict
potentially involving physical harm. The author uses these steps as the basis
for what he calls “the 4Cs model.” Transactional analysis provides
the operational concepts underlying the 4Cs and reveals how they work, while
the Japanese martial art of aikido, which focuses on stopping conflict before
it starts and on establishing harmony, offers practical techniques and a
unifying metaphor. The 4Cs are described in detail, and aikido classes for
children are used as a case study to discuss how to teach autonomy
“through the body.”
Transactional Analysis in the College
Classroom
Samuel Gaft and Cynthia Moore Brown El
This article
describes a cross-discipline college course taught by two teachers: a professor
in psychology, who taught the transactional analysis component, and a professor
of communications. The course was offered to college students regardless of
whether they had any previous course work in psychology. The method of delivery
was lecture, web-sourced text and tasks, group activities, and videotaping with
class analysis. The students reported that topics related to game theory,
strokes, and life position were the most useful to them, while script theory
was the least useful. Overall, the students rated the course as very useful.
The Use of Transactional Analysis Theory in Teaching
University Students the Psychology of Relationships
Olga
Smischenko
University students were taught a number of transactional
analysis concepts as part of their studies of communication and interaction.
The effect of the teaching was evaluated using a standardized test and found to
result in significant change.
Student Teachers’ Professional and Personal
Development through Academic Study of Educational Transactional
Analysis
Marja-Kristiina Lerkkanen and Susannah Temple
The aim
of this study was to investigate student teachers’ personal and
professional development following academic study of educational transactional
analysis. Students from two countries, 21 from Finland and 15 from England,
participated in the study. Members of both cohorts each made an action plan and
a personal growth plan with regard to their personal and professional growth on
completion of the two-day Introduction to Transactional Analysis (TA 101)
course. Approximately 6 months after their respective transactional analysis
courses, the students completed a follow-up questionnaire. The first-stage
results showed how the students thought they would apply certain transactional
analysis concepts and gave evidence of their reasons, intentions, and goals for
achieving increased effectiveness as a teacher. In the second stage, the
results showed the students’ estimations of their increase of awareness
and skill with respect to six key areas of personal and professional growth.
These results indicate a need to strengthen psychosocial studies in teacher
education and also that transactional analysis might be a useful theory and
instrument for the personal and professional development of student teachers.
How the Philosophical Assumptions of Transactional
Analysis Complement the Theory of Adult Education
Jan
Grant
Transactional analysis and adult education are both located within
the tradition of humanistic psychology, and they share many underlying
assumptions, including that human beings naturally tend toward growth and
change, that adults are responsible for themselves, and that people are
inherently good. The principles of adult education are useful when reflecting
on the structure and process of transactional analysis training groups.
Transactional Analysis and Parent Education in the United
States
Jean Illsley Clarke
Parent education programs based
on transactional analysis have probably been offered in many areas of the
United States, but there is no way of knowing how many, for what length of
time, or by whom they were designed and presented. This article reports the
author’s perception of the impact of books and classes that present
transactional analysis theories in language that was acceptable to the parents
with whom she developed these works. Positive outcomes have been identified by
several research studies and from information offered by readers and class
participants, often long after the book was read or the class attended. A brief
sketch of the history of parent education is included.
The Journey of Educational Transactional Analysis from
Its Beginnings to the Present
Nadine Emmerton and Trudi
Newton
This article traces the development of transactional analysis in
education through a detailed literature review based on the Transactional
Analysis Bulletin (TAB), the Transactional Analysis Journal (TAJ), and
books written by transactional analysis practitioners.
back to list of all
available journals
top of page
|
