Transactional Analysis
Journal
January 2004 Abstract
Volume 34, Number 1
Psychological Mindedness: A Neglected Developmental Line
in Permissions to Think
James R. Allen, Sevim Bennett, and Lauri
Kearns
Psychological mindedness is the capacity to self-reflect and to
think of oneself and others as motivated by internal states. It is one aspect
of thinking, a prerequisite for understanding intrapsychic and interpersonal
phenomena and for insight and insight-oriented therapeutic interventions. This
article outlines the development and permissions and nurturance psychological
mindedness requires. Such a conceptualization allows one to consider
deconfusion of the Child in terms of activating more mature ego state networks
rather than in terms of insight into some specific content.
Ego States as Living Links between Past and Current
Experiences
José Grégoire
This article examines
one level of ego state theory: ego states as living links between past
experiences and patterns in the here and now. If the theory of ego states is
not limited to repetitive ego states, the concepts centered on repetition must
be balanced by concepts centered on evolution. The idea of generalized
representations of interactions, with its various consequences and links with
transactional ideas, is examined as a way of understanding the evolution of ego
states. This evolving character of ego states culminates in creativity and
change. More generally, an idea such as ego states offers the practitioner a
frame from which to choose interventions with less methodological or
theoretical biases. Transactional analysis appears to be a particularly
well-adapted starting point to answer the challenges of integration between
methods and approaches in all fields.
Inadvertent Script Change and Increased Propensity for
Violence: The Danger of Interactive Video Games
Maurice E.
Vaughan
This article explores the idea that males are genetically
predisposed to violence and aggression. It looks at the experience of men in
combat and what behavior emerges in such a context, arguing that, in fact, most
males are reluctant killers who will avoid killing if at all possible. The
effects of military training on young men are described and related to the
danger of interactive video games, which have the potential for producing
violent script decisions in young males.
The Use of Microteaching in Learning the Redecision
Model: A Proposal for an Observation
Grid Raffaele
Mastromarino
This article is intended as a contribution to the training
of transactional analysts and presents a "microteaching" sequence that
stimulates understanding of the redecision therapy model. More specifically,
the microteaching sequence is proposed as a means to obtain an observation grid
for the various phases and ways that promote redecision in the patient.
The Contract for Change: An Original
Model
Christine de Saint-Pierre
This article describes a model
called "the contract for change," the goal of which is the restructuring of the
client's ego states using redecision. This model facilitates the establishment
of an alliance with the client's Child ego state and awareness of the script
suffering underlying the client's presenting complaint. The process takes into
account repairing the most archaic of the client's inhibited needs (often the
need for security first, then trust). The contract for change includes four
interdependent factors: objective of change, known script process, ways to help
myself, and what I change. The model is illustrated with a case study.
Every Child Is a Group: The Girl of the Snakes
Dolores Munari Poda
When working with a child, the therapist must
deal-separately or jointly-with all the parental figures present in the
attributions, drivers, and injunctions the child uses in creating and enacting
stories and that are an integral part of his or her life. Consequently, the
child therapist witnesses the workings of entire family groups and sometimes
even becomes their indirect therapist (in the sense of "transformational
element" and "therapeia" as attention, caring, and healing). This role is
extremely delicate, and although it must not be intrusive or invade the
precious intimacy of the patient/therapist relationship, it should nevertheless
favor the evolution and potential reorganization of the family as a whole.
Face-to-Face with Caring Confrontation
Valerie
Lankford
The author describes some guidelines for and benefits of caring
confrontation. This process is particularly useful for people who fear being
criticized or confronted and would rather avoid both because they remember such
experiences with defeat and pain from childhood. The benefits include
facilitating autonomous relationships, enhancing conflict and communication
intimacy, replacing accusations with curiosity, developing skills for
questioning authority effectively, reducing avoidant behaviors and
script-related depression and/or anxiety, and helping people avoid
embarrassment
The "Q" Model and the "Q" Model
Checklist
Edward Zerin and Marjory Zerin
This article
describes the "Q" model diagram, themes, and checklist and demonstrates the use
of the "Q" model checklist as a diagnostic, treatment, teaching, and evaluative
instrument for individual and couple therapy.
The Ego State Questionnaire-Revised
Donald A.
Loffredo, Rick Harrington, Martin K. Munoz, and Laura Ruth Knowles
The
purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the Ego State
Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R) had acceptable construct validity (actually
measured the five functional ego states) and acceptable reliability
(consistently and dependably measured the five functional ego states) using
factor analysis (a statistical method that identifies test items that measure
the same thing) and split-half reliability (a correlation between participants'
scores on two halves of a single test instrument). The ESQ-R is a 40-item
experimenter-constructed instrument that measures the strength of the five
functional ego states and consists of the 40 items retained from a factor
analysis of 60 items described in this study. Split-half reliability
coefficients utilizing Cronbach's alpha for each of the five scales (functional
ego states) of the 40-items retained on the ESQ-R ranged from .69 to .83.
Split-half reliability for the entire ESQ-R was .80. A second factor analysis
on the 40 items retained on the ESQ-R accounted for 43.66% of the item
variance. Another confirming factor analysis on the 40-item ESQ-R using a new
sample is recommended. The ESQ-R can be used to measure ego states or changes
in ego states during therapy, training, or education.
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